Finding the final NES006 sample for Failsafe in Destiny 2 is a little tricky, especially as you don't get a quest to acquire it by simply talking to her. Instead, you'll have to grab a mysterious item that's appeared in the Research Bays menu called the Proximity Sensor Alert. This will help you acquire the sample you need and the quest with it.
Completing this specimen quest also unlocks a way to summon secret bosses in Battlegrounds: Echoes activities, letting you claim more loot at the end...