High freight rates narrow Indian refiners’ crude oil choices, squeeze margins

With freight rates reaching unprecedented levels, Indian refiners are facing escalating crude oil expenses that are eroding their margins. Notably, oil in the physical market is trading at a considerable premium over Brent futures, making Middle Eastern imports more desirable. The Iran conflict has led to congestion and trade shifts, aggravating delivery challenges. As a result, Indian refiners are increasingly turning to Gulf crude to meet their needs.