In 1997, NASA grew Brassica rapa on Mir for 122 days to test a full life cycle; seed-to-seed cycles succeeded, but space-grown seeds were smaller

In an exciting development, researchers have achieved seed-to-seed cycling of plants in microgravity environments, demonstrating gravity independence. Brassica rapa plants blossomed and yielded seeds aboard the Mir space station, though these seeds exhibited smaller sizes and longer maturation times compared to Earth counterparts. Normal pollination and embryo formation were confirmed. This innovative work has significant implications for future agricultural practices in space and on our planet.