During the Cold War, Soviet physicist Lev Landau created an exam so difficult that only 43 candidates passed it in nearly 30 years

Soviet physicist Lev Landau created a rigorous "Theoretical Minimum" exam for aspiring scientists. This challenging test required deep understanding and application of physics principles. Students had to demonstrate mastery beyond memorization to join Landau's scientific school. The formidable examination covered many advanced theoretical physics subjects. Only a few achieved full completion, including leading Soviet physicists.