Audio tapes challenge Milgram obedience findings

Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments, the famous 1960s studies where volunteers were told to deliver electric shocks to a stranger, have been taught in introductory psychology courses for decades as a demonstration of how readily people follow authority. Researchers David Kaposi and David Sumeghy went back to the original audio recordings, 136 of them, preserved at Yale University Library, and found something the textbook version leaves out: the "obedient" participants weren't actually obeying, according to PsyPost.