Final analysis of 2025 Iberian blackout: Policies left Spain at risk

Roughly a year ago, Spain and Portugal went dark when the electrical grid of the entire Iberian Peninsula failed. While the grid operators did a heroic job of restarting the grid quickly, there were obvious questions about what had led to the blackout in the first place. A preliminary report suggested that a combination of grid-level voltage oscillations and early disconnections was the main factor.

Over the weekend, the European grid coordinator, ENTSO-e, released its final, detailed report on the event.