Europe Dominates AI’s Plumbing

In the six critical layers of the AI revolution, Europe is absent in key areas. It produces no critical minerals and depends almost entirely on China. It has no major high-bandwidth memory or logic chip champions.  

But at the two layers that determine whether AI infrastructure can actually function at scale — energy systems and connectivity — Europe does not just participate in the global AI economy. It is irreplaceable.

American hyperscalers looking to build gigawatt-scale...