Kaylee Greenlee for Business Insider
In the 1980s and 1990s, a series of Supreme Court decisions and a new law sought to curb "frivolous" prisoner lawsuits and give more deference to prison officials. Together, they changed the legal landscape of the Eighth Amendment — the foundational constitutional protection against "cruel and unusual punishments."
Heavy criticism soon followed — from the American Bar Association, members of Congress, and Supreme Court justices themselves.