Before toothpaste, what was used to clean teeth? Powdered ashes and other historical dental hygiene methods

Before the modern luxury of toothpaste could be squeezed from convenient plastic tubes, our ancestors used various unique methods to maintain dental hygiene. 

Historical societies valued clean teeth, although not as much, perhaps, as we do today. Contemporary amenities afford us far greater opportunities for oral care.

So how did people in the past attend to their dental needs with the best possible resources available? 

PRACTICE GOOD ORAL HYGIENE TO PROTECT YOURSELF AGAINST...