Trading in stocks and derivatives was frozen for three hours in Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon and Paris on Monday due to a technical glitch at exchange operator Euronext ENX.PA.
Exchange outages, caused by software and hardware glitches, cyberattacks, and even hungry squirrels, have roiled markets and shaken investor confidence for decades, as trading has moved from the floors and pits of bourses to electronic systems that match trades at nearly the speed of light.
Here are some of the major outages:
Oct.